9/11 TEN YEARS ON: The Day the Twin Towers came down 

Blast In Delhi 4 dead 30 injured At 10:15 am

Amar Singh arrested, sent to Tihar in cash-for-votes case


Rajya Sabha MP Amar Singh has been arrested and sent to Tihar Jail, after a Delhi court turned down his plea for bail in the cash-for-votes scam during the July 2008 trust vote in Parliament.

Poonam Pandey Hot Girl strip for the Indian cricket team

Ganesh Chaturthi History, Aarti, wallpaper, SMS: Lord Ganesha

Manchester, Aug 31: The humiliation at the hands of England in the test series is a thing of the past now, and it would pay rich dividends for India if they go into the limited overs leg of the tour with the same thought. England host India in a one off T20 before the ODIs kick in. The T20 could well turn out to be what sets the tone for the ODI series and both teams will be eager to win.

Kiran Bedi, who is a key member of Team Anna, was quoted as saying that Anna will break the fast at 10:00 am on Sunday.

Jorge Luis Borges Biography

Anna Hazare : August 30 deadline for the Jan Lokpal Bill

The Jan Lokpal Bill (Hindi: जन लोकपाल विधेयक)

Strong earthquake hits north-eastern Japan, tsunami warning issued

A 6.8-magnitude earthquake struck off Japan's northeastern coast Friday, triggering a 50 cm (20 inch) tsunami warning that was lifted about 35 minutes later.

Jackie Chan Update on Facebook

"When I work I do it from my heart, and my heart is that I bring love to the world. When I travel around the world I bring my love. I bring so much love in my heart. I hope you can feel that."
- Jackie

Pierre de Fermat was a French lawyer and government official most remembered for his work in number theory; in particular for Fermat's Last Theorem. He is also important in the foundations of the calculus.

Pierre de Fermat

Born August 17, 1601(1601-08-17)

Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France

Died  January 12, 1665(1665-01-12) (aged 63)

Castres, France

Residence     France

Nationality     French

Fields     Mathematics and Law

Known for     Number theory

Analytic geometry

Fermat's principle

Probability

Fermat's Last Theorem

Influences     François Viète

Pierre De Fermat's Last Theorem on His 410th Birth Anniversary Doodle

Toulouse, France, and an amateur mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his adequality. In particular, he is recognized for his discovery of an original method of finding the greatest and the smallest ordinates of curved lines, which is analogous to that of the then unknown differential calculus, and his research into number theory. He made notable contributions to analytic geometry, probability, and optics. He is best known for Fermat's Last Theorem, which he described in a note at the margin of a copy of Diophantus' Arithmetica.

Pierre Fermat's father was a wealthy leather merchant and second consul of Beaumont- de- Lomagne. There is some dispute about the date of Pierre's birth as given above, since it is possible that he had an elder brother (who had also been given the name Pierre) but who died young. Pierre had a brother and two sisters and was almost certainly brought up in the town of his birth. Although there is little evidence concerning his school education it must have been at the local Franciscan monastery.

He attended the University of Toulouse before moving to Bordeaux in the second half of the 1620s. In Bordeaux he began his first serious mathematical researches and in 1629 he gave a copy of his restoration of Apollonius's Plane loci to one of the mathematicians there. Certainly in Bordeaux he was in contact with Beaugrand  and during this time he produced important work on maxima and minima which he gave to Étienne d'Espagnet who clearly shared mathematical interests with Fermat.

From Bordeaux Fermat went to Orléans where he studied law at the University. He received a degree in civil law and he purchased the offices of councillor at the parliament in Toulouse. So by 1631 Fermat was a lawyer and government official in Toulouse and because of the office he now held he became entitled to change his name from Pierre Fermat to Pierre de Fermat.

For the remainder of his life he lived in Toulouse but as well as working there he also worked in his home town of Beaumont-de-Lomagne and a nearby town of Castres. From his appointment on 14 May 1631 Fermat worked in the lower chamber of the parliament but on 16 January 1638 he was appointed to a higher chamber, then in 1652 he was promoted to the highest level at the criminal court. Still further promotions seem to indicate a fairly meteoric rise through the profession but promotion was done mostly on seniority and the plague struck the region in the early 1650s meaning that many of the older men died. Fermat himself was struck down by the plague and in 1653 his death was wrongly reported, then corrected:-

    I informed you earlier of the death of Fermat. He is alive, and we no longer fear for his health, even though we had counted him among the dead a short time ago.

The following report, made to Colbert the leading figure in France at the time, has a ring of truth:-

    Fermat, a man of great erudition, has contact with men of learning everywhere. But he is rather preoccupied, he does not report cases well and is confused.

Of course Fermat was preoccupied with mathematics. He kept his mathematical friendship with Beaugrand after he moved to Toulouse but there he gained a new mathematical friend in Carcavi. Fermat met Carcavi in a professional capacity since both were councillors in Toulouse but they both shared a love of mathematics and Fermat told Carcavi about his mathematical discoveries.

The period from 1643 to 1654 was one when Fermat was out of touch with his scientific colleagues in Paris. There are a number of reasons for this. Firstly pressure of work kept him from devoting so much time to mathematics. Secondly the Fronde, a civil war in France, took place and from 1648 Toulouse was greatly affected. Finally there was the plague of 1651 which must have had great consequences both on life in Toulouse and of course its near fatal consequences on Fermat himself. However it was during this time that Fermat worked on number theory.

Fermat is best remembered for this work in number theory, in particular for Fermat's Last Theorem. This theorem states that

    xn + yn = zn

has no non-zero integer solutions for x, y and z when n > 2. Fermat wrote, in the margin of Bachet's translation of Diophantus's Arithmetica

His problems did not prompt too much interest as most mathematicians seemed to think that number theory was not an important topic. The second of the two problems, namely to find all solutions of Nx2 + 1 = y2 for N not a square, was however solved by Wallis and Brouncker and they developed continued fractions in their solution. Brouncker produced rational solutions which led to arguments. Frenicle de Bessy  was perhaps the only mathematician at that time who was really interested in number theory but he did not have sufficient mathematical talents to allow him to make a significant contribution.

Fermat posed further problems, namely that the sum of two cubes cannot be a cube (a special case of Fermat's Last Theorem which may indicate that by this time Fermat realised that his proof of the general result was incorrect), that there are exactly two integer solutions of x2 + 4 = y3 and that the equation x2 + 2 = y3 has only one integer solution. He posed problems directly to the English. Everyone failed to see that Fermat had been hoping his specific problems would lead them to discover, as he had done, deeper theoretical results.

Famous Quote:

    "I have a truly marvelous demonstration of this proposition which this margin is too small to contain.""

    Pierre de Fermat : 821

source by: pierre de fermat biography

64th India Independence Day in 2011 will be celebrated on Monday, 15 August 2011.

    "A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new; when an age ends; and when the soul of a nation long suppressed finds utterance."  

- Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru

India celebrates Independence Day on August 15 each year. India became an independent nation on August 15, 1947
 

Independence Day of India is celebrated on Fifteenth of August (8/15/47) to commemorate its independence from British rule and its birth as a sovereign nation in 1947.The day is a national holiday in India. All over the country, flag-hoisting ceremonies are conducted by the local administration in attendance. The main event takes place in New Delhi, the capital city of India, where the Prime Minister hoists the national flag at the Red Fort and delivers  a nationally televised speech from its ramparts. In his speech, he highlights the achievements of his government during the past year, raises important issues and gives a call for further development. The Prime Minister also pays his tribute to leaders of the freedom struggle.

Historical Background of India Independence Day

1946, the Labour  government in Britain, its exchequer exhausted by the recently concluded World War II, and conscious that it had neither the mandate at home, the international support, nor the reliability of native forces for continuing to control an increasingly restless India, decided to end British rule of India, and in early 1947 Britain announced its intention of transferring power no later than June 1948.

As independence approached, the violence between Hindus and Muslims in the provinces of Punjab and Bengal continued unabated. With the British army unprepared for the potential for increased violence, the new viceroy, Louis Mountbatten, advanced the date for the transfer of power, allowing less than seven months for a mutually agreed plan for independence. In June 1947, the nationalist leaders, including Pandit Nehru, Abul Kalam Azad, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, B. R. Ambedkar and Master Tara Singh agreed to a partition of the country  along religious lines. The predominantly Hindu and Sikh areas were assigned to the new India and predominantly Muslim areas to the new nation of Pakistan; the plan included a partition of the provinces of Punjab and Bengal.

India Independence Day 2011 Celebrations

The Prime Minister of India hoists the Indian flag on the ramparts of the historical site, Red Fort (लाल क़िला), Delhi, on August 15. This is telecasted live on the National Channel Doordarshan and many other News Channels all over India. Flag hoisting ceremonies and cultural programs take place in all the state capitals. In the cities around the country the national flag is hoisted by politicians in their constituencies. In various private organisations the flag hoisting is carried out by a senior official of that organisation. All over the country, flags are given out to citizens who wear them proudly to show their patriotism towards India. Schools and colleges around the country organise flag hoisting ceremonies and various cultural events within their premises, where younger children in costume represent their idols of the Independence era.

Others as home spend this day by watching special programs on TV or going for an outing. Greater part of the individual tune in the morning to Doordarshan to view the live broadcast of Prime Minister’s speech at Delhi at the Red Fort since it’s the highlight of the Independence Day celebration in India. Prime Minister’s speech and nationalistic song and documentaries viewing excerpts from the independence struggle are televised on the local channels, whilst the private TV stations have enough programs to ensure their viewers are pleased throughout the day.

They broadcast cultural shows, movies related to independence, as well as India nationalist songs which relive the patriotism in individuals. Shops across India are instructed to remain closed on the day, but you can see some small stores and groceries open starting late in the afternoon. All offices stay closed on the 15th of August.

A nice and wonderful place to hang out in the middle of the night as the center of attraction on Independence Day is the India Gate because the formation is beautifully illuminated. The sky is occupied with kites of numerous colors and shapes.

Congratulations All Webmasters That Google Has Updated Page Rank Again In August 2011

It is surprising but interesting again when my friend informed me that My site Page Ranke is Update Again and i got new PR

Google has given Surprised to every webmasters. Google has updated PR Again in Augut 2011 Starting another  page rank   update after June 27th 2011. It is really surprised for me and other webmasters that google has updated page rank in short period of time.


Google PR updated once again in August 2011! So how was your results?

I think i need to do hard work on my Link Building.It will be better if Google Updates page rank in every Month.Let See what would be next ?

And Not Get Google PR Update August 2011 Better Luck Nex Time

Google is going crazy. Btw I'm waiting for SERP updates, when the next one will happen?


What is your Page Rank After This August 2011 page Rank update? Comment me.

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Manmohan Singh And Sonia Gandhi Funny Images In Villegian Roll

Manmohan Singh And Sonia Gandhi(Madam) Funny Images In Villegian Roll

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Manmohan Singh Sonia Funny Picture Vision 2020

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Google has an interactive Doodle up for Alexander Calder's 113th birthday. When you click and drag on the parts of the Doodle, it starts moving the entire Doodle around. This, however, can't be seen on Firefox or Internet Explorer, apparently. I was able to view it on Safari on Mac (though I couldn't click on it to take me to a results page for Alexander Calder directly) and it reportedly works on Google Chrome. Google says  that this is the first Doodle made on its HTML5 canvas and it's recommended that you use a 'modern browser' to view the Doodle. There have been reports of Firefox and Linux crashing for some users trying to view the Doodle.

Google software engineer, Jered Wierzbicki says, “It runs a physics simulation on the mobile’s geometry, and then does realtime 3D rendering with vector graphics. Only recently have browsers advanced to the point where this is possible.”

Alexander Calder was an American sculptor and an artist. His signature work was inventing mobile sculptures, which is what the Doodle displays. He was born on the 22nd of July, 1898 in Lawnton, Pennsylvania and came from a family of sculptors and artists. Both, his father and his grandfather were sculptors and his mother was a portrait painter. His paintings and sculptures exist in various places around the world including Montreal, Paris and Lisbon.

Biography Alexander Caldes

 Alexander Calder was born in 1898, the second child of artist parents—his father was a sculptor and his mother a painter. Because his father, Alexander Stirling Calder, received public commissions, the family traversed the country throughout Calder's childhood. Calder was encouraged to create, and from the age of eight he always had his own workshop wherever the family lived. For Christmas in 1909, Calder presented his parents with two of his first sculptures, a tiny dog and duck cut from a brass sheet and bent into formation. The duck is kinetic—it rocks back and forth when tapped. Even at age eleven, his facility in handling materials was apparent.

Despite his talents, Calder did not originally set out to become an artist. He instead enrolled at the Stevens Institute of Technology after high school and graduated in 1919 with an engineering degree. Calder worked for several years after graduation at various jobs, including as a hydraulics engineer and automotive engineer, timekeeper in a logging camp, and fireman in a ship's boiler room. While serving in the latter occupation, on a ship from New York bound for San Francisco, Calder awoke on the deck to see both a brilliant sunrise and a scintillating full moon; each was visible on opposite horizons (the ship then lay off the Guatemalan coast). The experience made a lasting impression on Calder: he would refer to it throughout his life.

Calder committed to becoming an artist shortly thereafter, and in 1923 he moved to New York and enrolled at the Art Students League. He also took a job illustrating for the National Police Gazette, which sent him to the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus to sketch circus scenes for two weeks in 1925. The circus became a lifelong interest of Calder's, and after moving to Paris in 1926, he created his Cirque Calder, a complex and unique body of art. The assemblage included diminutive performers, animals, and props he had observed at the Ringling Brothers Circus. Fashioned from wire, leather, cloth, and other found materials, Cirque Calder was designed to be manipulated manually by Calder. Every piece was small enough to be packed into a large trunk, enabling the artist to carry it with him and hold performances anywhere. Its first performance was held in Paris for an audience of friends and peers, and soon Calder was presenting the circus in both Paris and New York to much success. Calder's renderings of his circus often lasted about two hours and were quite elaborate. Indeed, the Cirque Calder predated performance art by forty years.

Calder found he enjoyed working with wire for his circus: he soon began to sculpt from this material portraits of his friends and public figures of the day. Word traveled about the inventive artist, and in 1928 Calder was given his first solo gallery show at the Weyhe Gallery in New York. The show at Weyhe was soon followed by others in New York, as well as in Paris and Berlin: as a result, Calder spent much time crossing the ocean by boat. He met Louisa James (a grandniece of writer Henry James) on one of these steamer journeys and the two were married in January 1931. He also became friendly with many prominent artists and intellectuals of the early twentieth century at this time, including Joan Miró, Fernand Léger, James Johnson Sweeney, and Marcel Duchamp. In October 1930, Calder visited the studio of Piet Mondrian in Paris and was deeply impressed by a wall of colored paper rectangles that Mondrian continually repositioned for compositional experiments. He recalled later in life that this experience "shocked" him toward total abstraction. For three weeks following this visit, he created solely abstract paintings, only to discover that he did indeed prefer sculpture to painting. Soon after, he was invited to join Abstraction-Création, an influential group of artists (including Arp, Mondrian, and Hélion) with whom he had become friendly.

In the fall of 1931, a significant turning point in Calder's artistic career occurred when he created his first truly kinetic sculpture and gave form to an entirely new type of art. The first of these objects moved by systems of cranks and motors, and were dubbed "mobiles" by Marcel Duchamp—in French mobile refers to both "motion" and "motive." Calder soon abandoned the mechanical aspects of these works when he realized he could fashion mobiles that would undulate on their own with the air's currents. Jean Arp, in order to differentiate Calder's non-kinetic works from his kinetic works, named Calder's stationary objects "stabiles."

In 1933, Calder and Louisa left France and returned to the United States, where they purchased an old farmhouse in Roxbury, Connecticut. Calder converted an icehouse attached to the main house into a studio for himself. Their first daughter, Sandra, was born in 1935, and a second daughter, Mary, followed in 1939. He also began his association with the Pierre Matisse Gallery in New York with his first show in 1934. James Johnson Sweeney, who had become a close friend, wrote the catalogue's preface. Calder also constructed sets for ballets by both Martha Graham and Eric Satie during the 1930s, and continued to give Cirque Calder performances.

Calder's earliest attempts at large, outdoor sculptures were also constructed in this decade. These predecessors of his later imposing public works were much smaller and more delicate; the first attempts made for his garden were easily bent in strong winds. Yet, they are indicative of his early intentions to work on a grand scale. In 1937, Calder created his first large bolted stabile fashioned entirely from sheet metal, which he entitled Devil Fish. Enlarged from an earlier and smaller stabile, the work was exhibited in a Pierre Matisse Gallery show, Stabiles and Mobiles. This show also included Big Bird, another large work based on a smaller maquette. Soon after, Calder received commissions to make both Mercury Fountain for the Spanish Pavilion at the Parisian World Fair (a work that symbolized Spanish Republican resistance to fascism) and Lobster Trap and Fish Tail, a sizable mobile installed in the main stairwell of the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

When the United States entered World War II, Calder applied for entry to the Marine Corps but was ultimately rejected. He continued to create: because metal was in short supply during the war years, Calder turned increasingly to wood as a sculptural medium. Working in wood resulted in yet another original form of sculpture, works called "constellations" by Sweeney and Duchamp. With their carved wood elements anchored by wire, the constellations were so called because they suggested the cosmos, though Calder did not intend that they represent anything in particular. The Pierre Matisse Gallery held an exhibition of these works in the spring of 1943, Calder's last solo show at that gallery. His association with Matisse ended shortly thereafter and he took up the Buchholz Gallery/Curt Valentin as his New York representation.

The forties and fifties were a remarkably productive period for Calder, which was launched in 1939 with the first retrospective of his work at the George Walter Vincent Smith Gallery in Springfield, Massachusetts. A second, major retrospective was exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York just a few years later, in 1943. In 1945, Calder made a series of small-scale works; in keeping with his economy, many were made from scraps of metal trimmed while making larger pieces. While visiting Calder's studio about this time, Duchamp was intrigued by these small works. Inspired by the idea that the works could be easily dismantled, mailed to Europe, and re-assembled for an exhibition, he planned a Calder show at Galerie Louis Carré in Paris. This important show was held the following year and Jean-Paul Sartre wrote his famous essay on Calder's mobiles for the exhibition catalogue. In 1949, Calder constructed his largest mobile to date, International Mobile, for the Philadelphia Museum of Art's Third International Exhibition of Sculpture. He designed sets for "Happy as Larry," a play directed by Burgess Meredith, and for Nucléa, a dance performance directed by Jean Vilar. Galerie Maeght in Paris also held a Calder show in 1950, and subsequently became Calder's exclusive Parisian dealer. His association with Galerie Maeght lasted twenty-six years, until his death in 1976. After his New York dealer Curt Valentin died unexpectedly in 1954, Calder selected the Perls Gallery in New York as his new American dealer, and this alliance also lasted until the end of his life.

Calder concentrated his efforts primarily on large-scale commissioned works in his later years. Some of these major monumental sculpture commissions include: .125, a mobile for the New York Port Authority that was hung in Idlewild (now John F. Kennedy) Airport (1957); La Spirale, for UNESCO, in Paris (1958); Teodelapio, for the city of Spoleto, Italy (1962); Man, for the Expo in Montreal (1967); El Sol Rojo (the largest of all Calder's works, at sixty-seven feet high) installed outside the Aztec Stadium for the Olympic Games in Mexico City; La grande vitesse, the first public art work to be funded by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) for the city of Grand Rapids, Michigan (1969); and Flamingo, a stabile for the General Services Administration in Chicago (1973).

As the range and breadth of his various projects and commissions indicate, Calder's artistic talents were renowned worldwide by the 1960s. A retrospective of his work opened at the Guggenheim Museum in New York in 1964. Five years later, the Fondation Maeght, in Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France, held its own Calder retrospective. In 1966, Calder, together with his son-in-law Jean Davidson, published a well-received autobiography. Additionally, both of Calder's dealers, Galerie Maeght in Paris and the Perls Gallery in New York, averaged about one Calder show each per year.

In 1976, he attended the opening of yet another retrospective of his work, Calder's Universe, at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York. Just a few weeks later, Calder died at the age of seventy-eight, ending the most prolific and innovative artistic career of the twentieth century.

source: Biography

The Father of Genetics: Gregor Mendel Mendel’s Genetics Pea Experiment

MENDEL, Gregor (1822-84). The laws of heredity on which the modern science of genetics is based were discovered by an obscure Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel. Yet Mendel's discoveries remained virtually unknown for more than 30 years after he completed his experiments--in spite of the fact that his papers reached the largest libraries of Europe and the United States. (See also Genetics; Heredity.)

Johann Mendel was born on July 22, 1822, in Heinzendorf, Austria. He took the name Gregor when he entered the monastery in Brunn, Moravia (now Brno, Czech Republic) in 1843. He studied for two years at the Philosophical Institute in Olmutz (now Olomouc, Czech Republic), before going to Brunn. He became a priest in 1847. For most of the next 20 years he taught at a nearby high school, except for two years of study at the University of Vienna (1851-53). In 1868 Mendel was elected abbot of the monastery.

Mendel's famous garden-pea experiments began in 1856 in the monastery garden. He proposed that the existence of characteristics such as blossom color is due to the occurrence of paired elementary units of heredity, now known as genes. Mendel presented his work to the local Natural Science Society in 1865 in a paper entitled "Experiments with Plant Hybrids." Administrative duties after 1868 kept him too busy for further research. He lived out his life in relative obscurity, dying on Jan. 6, 1884. In 1900, independent research by other scientists confirmed Mendel's results.


Gregor Mendel

The first person to discover the basic laws of heredity and suggest the existence of genes was an Austrian monk, Gregor Mendel, b. July 22, 1822, d. Jan. 6, 1884. The importance of his work was not realised until 1900, at which time his findings laid the foundation for the science of genetics.

Born Johann Mendel in Heinzendorf, Austrian Silesia (now Hyn°ice, Czech Republic), he changed his name to Gregor in 1843 when he entered the Augustinian monastery at BrŸnn (now Brno). He was ordained a priest in 1847 and in 1851 was sent to the University of Vienna for training as a teacher of mathematics and natural sciences. He returned to BrŸnn in 1854, where he taught until 1868.

In a monastery garden Mendel began (1856) the breeding experiments that led him to discover the laws of heredity. Working with garden peas, he studied seven characteristics that occur in alternative forms: plant height (tallness vs. shortness), seed colour (green vs. yellow), seed shape (smooth vs. wrinkled), seed-coat colour (gray vs. white), pod shape (full vs. constricted), pod colour (green vs. yellow), and flower distribution (along length vs. at end of stem). Mendel made hundreds of crosses by means of artificial pollination. He kept careful records of the plants that were crossed and of the offspring. In 1865, Mendel reported his findings at a meeting of the BrŸnn Natural History Society. The following year his results were published as "Experiments with Plant Hybrids" in the society's journal.

Mendel summarised his findings in three theories. He asserted that during the formation of the sex cellsÑthe egg and the spermÑpaired factors segregated, or separated. Thus a sperm or egg may contain either a tallness factor or a shortness factor, not both. This theory is called Mendel's first law, or the principle of segregation.

Mendel's second law, called the principle of independent assortment, stated that characteristics are inherited independently of one another. That is, the tallness factor may be inherited with any other factor, dominant or recessive. This law later was modified when Thomas Hunt Morgan discovered linkage, or the inheritance of two or more genes situated close to each other on the same chromosome.

The third theory stated that each inherited characteristic is determined by the interaction of two hereditary factors (now called genes), one from each parent. In the characteristics that he studied, Mendel found that one factor of the pair always predominated over the other. For example, tallness was always dominant over shortness. This theory became known as the law of dominance.

With his promotion to abbot of the monastery in 1868, Mendel gave up his experiments. Although respected by his fellow monks as well as by his students, Mendel, at the time of his death, was still not recognised as a great scientist. Sixteen years later, three European scientists - Hugo De Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich Tschermak von Seysenegg - working independently discovered Mendel's writings as they were conducting experiments similar to his and credited him as the discoverer of the laws of heredity.

source:www.angelfire.com/zine/baptistsurfer/BioMendel.html

Three Bomb blasts in Mumbai July 13, 2011;  21 killed, 113 injured  Latest Photos&Video

MUMBAI: 3 bomb blasts in Mumbai; 21 dead, 113 injured Terror struck Mumbai when three serial blasts rocked crowded areas in the peak hour this evening in a space of 10 minutes killing at least 21 people and injuring 113 in a grim reminder of 2008 Mumbai attack.

There are three blasts have taken place in Opera House, Kabutar Khana and Javeri Bazaar. Home department of Mumbai declared that explosions are terrorist activity. The explosions reportedly occurred inside a bus, car and taxi.

The first blast took place at 6:54 PM at south Mumbai's crowded Zaveri Bazaar. Within a few minutes Opera House and Dadar, too, were hit by powerful explosions.

The explosion at Opera House, described by Maharashtra Chief Minister Prithiviraj Chavan as a "high intensity blast", took place at 6:55 PM and was followed by the one at Dadar (7:05 PM).

Mumbai Bomb Blasts Live Video And Photos

The blast in Zaveri Bazar took place at Khao Gali while a motorcycle was used to trigger the explosion near the two-storey JK Building at Tata Road No. 1 in Opera House. The blast at Kabootar Khana in Dadar took place in a Maruti Esteem car. Sources have told CNN-IBN that terror group Indian Mujahideen is the prime suspect in the blasts.

The injured have been admitted to several hospitals including the JJ Hospital, GT Hospital, KEM Hospital and St George's Hospital.

Improvised Explosive Devices(IED) were used to trigger the blasts which coincided with the birthday of Ajmal Kasab, the lone Pakistani gunman in the 2008 Mumbai attack, sentenced to death. 166 people were killed in the Mumbai carnage.

No group claimed responsibility but Mumbai police suspects the hand of Indian Mujahideen(IM). Chavan declined to speculate on who could be behind the attack.

Mumbai police commissioner Arup Patnaik said the blasts at Opera House and Zaveri Bazaar were of a higher intensity than the one at Dadar.

"It is a terror act. Quite obvious that some terror element is involved in the attack. Zaveri Bazaar blast exploded with use of IED kept in an abandoned umbrella. All three blasts occurred between 6.50 and 7 pm," Patnaik said.

The Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) team from both here and Hyderabad has been sent to Mumbai, he said.

An NIA team led by an IG rank officer will also leave for Mumbai

MOSCOW (AP) — Russia will celebrate the 450th anniversary of St. Basil's Cathedral by opening an exhibition dedicated to the so-called "holy fool" who gave his name to the soaring structure of bright-hued onion domes that is a quintessential image of Russia.

The eccentrically devout St. Basil wore no clothes even during the harsh Russian winters and was one of the very few Muscovites who dared to lambast tyrannical Czar Ivan the Terrible.

Ivan, whose gory purges claimed tens of thousands of lives, feared St. Basil as "a seer of people's hearts and minds," according to one chronicle. He personally carried St. Basil's coffin to a grave right outside the Kremlin. The cathedral, constructed to commemorate Ivan's victory over Mongol rulers, was built on the burial site.

Deputy Culture Minister Andrey Busygin said Friday that the exhibition is opening Tuesday as part of anniversary celebrations in the cathedral after a decade-long restoration that cost 390 million rubles ($14 million). The exhibition will display relics and icons of St. Basil and other religious eccentrics, who were known as "holy fools."

The exhibition will be part of massive celebrations of St. Basil's anniversary that will also include a service to be held by Russia Orthodox Patriarch Kirill and a late-night church bell concert.

"This cathedral is a shrine and a symbol of Russia," Busygin added. "It's a miracle it survived at all."

The building was severely shelled during the 1917 Bolshevik takeover of the Kremlin and was patched up during the subsequent civil war and famine. "Those gaping wounds were stuffed with whatever was at hand," said Andrey Batalov, deputy director of the State Kremlin Museums.

Early Communist leaders — who persecuted countless clerics of all faiths and destroyed tens of thousands of religious buildings — wanted St. Basil's dynamited as it blocked the way to military parades, and only the cathedral's conversion into a museum saved it.

A century earlier, Napoleon Bonaparte also ordered St. Basil's blown up during his army's hasty retreat from Moscow in 1812, but a heavy rain put down the burning fuses.

Originally named the Holy Trinity Cathedral, over the centuries it became known as the place where St. Basil is buried.

The design of its nine onion-shaped, multicolored domes combine the traditions of Russian wooden architecture with Byzantine and Islamic influences into a unique structure.

Batalov said the restoration focused on recreating the way the building looked by the late 17th century, when the nine domes were united by a wraparound floor.

By that time, St. Basil's became a symbolic New Jerusalem and the center of Palm Sunday walks, when the Moscow Patriarch approached it sitting on a donkey to recreate Jesus' arrival in Jerusalem.

source:-http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iLaX0dk9SInReA3G6dtRafbAriYA?docId=2b4267cd2bd443ba81e7dfae1d6f2bf0

World Population Day 2011

World Population Day is an annual event, observed on July 11, which seeks to raise awareness of global population issues. The event was established by the Governing Council of the United Nations Development Programme in 1989. It was inspired by the public interest in Five Billion Day on July 11, 1987, approximately the date on which the world's population reached five billion people.



The world population on the 20th anniversary of Five Billion Day, July 11, 2007, was estimated to have been 6,727,551,263.

World Population Day

Today, population explosion is one of the major concerns of the world. As this issue of uncontrolled population growth is giving birth to other major problems in the world. Few of the major consequences of the rapid growth of population in the current time are Poverty, Unemployment, Pollution, Deforestations etc. There is severe need to check this explosion and observance of World Population Day is just a step in this direction.

 July 11 is observed as World Population Day all over the world for the promotion of crucial issues such as the importance of family planning, including gender equality, poverty, maternal health and human rights. The observance of this day is a ray of light towards the growth and development in the current time of ever growing population. The day has been celebrated every year since 1989, year of its announcement.

World population Day was instituted by the Governing Council of the United Nations Development Program in 1989. The date of observance of World Population Day was inspired by the date of Five Billion Day. As, the world’s population reached five billion people on Five Billion Day, July 11, 1987. This concern of rapid growth of population resulted into the establishment of World population Day on the same date. Since then, with the United Nations Population Fund's (UNFPA) encouragement, governments, non-governmental organizations, institutions and individuals organize various educational activities to celebrate the annual event.

Every year the celebrations of World Population Day are based on the particular theme, decided by the United Nations. The day is celebrated worldwide by business groups, community organizations and individuals in various ways. Different events like seminar discussions, educational information sessions etc are conducted to mark the day’s celebration.

The year 2010 will mark the 21st anniversary of the World population day. . The ever growing population of the world has reached to 6,793,593,686, as on 01/01/2010


World Population Day 2011:Population Facts

    60% of the world’s population resides in Asia.
    17% of the world’s population resides in India.
    20% of the world’s population resides in the People's Republic of China.
    12 % of the world’s population resides in Africa.
    11% of the world's population resides in Europe.
    8% of the world’s population resides in North America.
    5.3% of the world’s population resides in South America

World Population Day 2011: The World at 7 Billion

World Population Day will kick off the 7 Billion Actions campaign.

The tremendous interest generated by the Day of 5 Billion on 11 July 1987 led to the establishment of World Population Day as an annual event. For more than 20 years, 11 July has been an occasion to mark the significance of population trends and related issues.

This year, as the world population is expected to surpass 7 billion, UNFPA and partners are launching a campaign called 7 Billion Actions. It aims to engage people, spur commitment and spark actions related to the opportunities and challenges presented by a world of 7 billion people.

In many ways a world of 7 billion is an achievement: Globally, people are living longer and healthier lives, and couples are choosing to have fewer children. However, meeting the needs of current and future generations presents daunting challenges as our numbers continue to increase.

Whether we can live together equitably on a healthy planet will depend on the choices and decisions we make now. In a world of 7 billion people, and counting, we need to count each other. 

World Population Day 2011: U.S. & World Population Clocks

U.S. 311,730,784

World 6,947,991,307

05:20 UTC (EST+5) Jul 10, 2011

World Celebrate Fathers Day 2011 Ideas Quotes Poem Pictures And History

Father's Day is a celebration honoring fathers and celebrating fatherhood, paternal bonds, and the influence of fathers in society. It is celebrated on the third Sunday of June in many countries and on other days elsewhere. It complements Mother's Day, the celebration honoring mothers.

Gift Ideas and Other history On Fathers Day

Father’s Day is considered to be the day of commemoration and celebration for that one person in your life who is there for you at different walks of verve, to help you out when you need him, to make you feel secure, to make available to you all pleasures of life. This day is an occasion to recall, recognize and remember those endless pains; he had taken for your growth and upbringing, that very special icon, your father or what do you call your Dad. This day not just calls for an honour to your father, but to all men who have acted as a fatherly figure in your life- whether as Stepfathers, Grandfathers, or even your ‘Big Brothers’.

He was there for your first step, your first fall, and you can count on him to be there when you need him next. Your biggest hero deserves your biggest thanks.

Father's Day History

Father's Day is a celebration of fathers inaugurated in the early twentieth century to complement Mother's Day in celebrating fatherhood and male parenting. Father's Day is celebrated on a variety of dates worldwide and typically involves gift-giving, special dinners to fathers, and family-oriented activities.

The first observance of Father's Day actually took place in Fairmont, West Virginia on July 5, 1908. It was organized by Mrs. Grace Golden Clayton, who wanted to celebrate the lives of the 210 fathers who had been lost in the Monongah Mining disaster several months earlier in Monongah, West Virginia, on December 6, 1907. It's possible that Clayton was influenced by the first celebration of Mother's Day that same year, just a few miles away. Clayton chose the Sunday nearest to the birthday of her recently deceased father.

Unfortunately, the day was overshadowed by other events in the city, West Virginia did not officially register the holiday, and it was not celebrated again. All the credit for Father's Day went to Sonora Dodd from Spokane, who invented independently her own celebration of Father's Day just two years later, also influenced by Jarvis' Mother's Day.

Clayton's celebration was forgotten until 1972, when one of the attendants to the celebration saw Nixon's proclamation of Father's Day, and worked to recover its legacy. The celebration is now held every year in the Central United Methodist Church – the Williams Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church, South, was torn down in 1922. Fairmont is now promoted as the "Home of the First Father's Day Service,

A bill to accord national recognition of the holiday was introduced in Congress in 1913. In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson went to Spokane to speak in a Father's Day celebration and wanted to make it official, but Congress resisted, fearing that it would become commercialized.US President Calvin Coolidge recommended in 1924 that the day be observed by the nation, but stopped short of issuing a national proclamation. Two earlier attempts to formally recognize the holiday had been defeated by Congress.In 1957, Maine Senator Margaret Chase Smith wrote a proposal accusing Congress of ignoring fathers for 40 years while honoring mothers, thus " out just one of our two parents In 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson issued the first presidential proclamation honoring fathers, designating the third Sunday in June as Father's Day. Six years later, the day was made a permanent national holiday when President Richard Nixon signed it into law in 1972.

In addition to Father's Day, International Men's Day is celebrated in many countries on November 19 for men and boys who are not fathers.

Father's Day Dates around the world

When is Father's Day

Countries	2011	2012	2013
USA, UK, India, Canada, China, France, Greece, Hong Kong, Pakistan, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Turkey	June 19	June 17	June 16
Russia	February 23	February 23	February 23
Italy & Spain	March 19	March 19	March 19
Germany	June 2	May 17	May 9
Australia & New Zealand	September 4	September 2	September 1
Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Finland	November 6	November 4	November 3
Thailand	December 5	December 5	December 5

Father's Day Dates around the world International history and traditions

Australia

In Australia, Father's Day is celebrated on the first Sunday of September and is not a public holiday. YMCA Victoria continues the tradition of honouring the role fathers, and father figures play in parenting through the annual awarding of Local Community Father of the Year in 32 municipalities in Victoria. The Father's Day Council of Victoria annually recognise fathers in the Father of the Year Award

United States of America

In the US, Father's Day is celebrated on the third Sunday of June. Its first celebration was in Spokane, Washington on June 19, 1910. Other festivities honoring fathers had been held in Fairmont and in Creston, but the modern holiday did not emerge from those.

Modern Father's Day was invented by Sonora Smart Dodd, born in Arkansas, who was also the driving force behind its establishment. Her father, the Civil War veteran William Jackson Smart, was a single parent who reared his six children in Spokane, Washington.

She was inspired by Anna Jarvis's efforts to establish Mother's Day. Although she initially suggested June 5, her father's birthday, she did not provide the organizers with enough time to make arrangements, and the celebration was deferred to the third Sunday of June.

Unofficial support from such figures as William Jennings Bryan was immediate and widespread. President Woodrow Wilson was personally feted by his family in 1916. President Calvin Coolidge recommended it as a national holiday in 1924. In 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson made Father's Day a holiday to be celebrated on the third Sunday of June. The holiday was not officially recognized until 1972, during the presidency of Richard Nixon.

In recent years, retailers have adapted to the holiday by promoting greeting cards and traditionally male-oriented gifts such as electronics and tools. Schools and other children's programs commonly have activities to make Father's Day gifts.

More phone calls are made in the United States during Mother's Day than during Father's Day, but the percentage of collect calls on Father's Day is much higher, making it the busiest day of the year for collect calls.

United Kingdom

Father's Day in the United Kingdom is celebrated on the third Sunday of June.

Fathers Day Quotes

Let's see what these quotes, sayings and verses have to tell about their loving fathers:

* "I've had a hard life, but my hardships are nothing against the hardships that my father went through in order to get me to where I started." - Bartrand Hubbard

* "By the time a man realizes that maybe his father was right, he usually has a son who thinks he's wrong. " -Charles Wadsworth

* "I cannot think of any need in childhood as strong as the need for a father's protection."- Sigmund Freud

* "When I was a boy of fourteen, my father was so ignorant I could hardly stand to have the old man around. But when I got to be twenty-one, I was astonished at how much the old man had learned in seven years. " - Mark Twain

* "The older I get, the smarter my father seems to get." - Tim Russert

* " I watched a small man with thick calluses on both hands work fifteen and sixteen hours a day. I saw him once literally bleed from the bottoms of his feet, a man who came here uneducated, alone, unable to speak the language, who taught me all I needed to know about faith and hard work by the simple eloquence of his example." -Mario Cuomo

* "One father is more than a hundred Schoolmasters." - George Herbert

* Fatherhood is pretending the present you love most is soap-on-a-rope." - Bill Cosby

* "It is not flesh and blood but the heart, which makes us fathers and sons." - Johann Schiller

* There's something like a line of gold thread running through a man's words when he talks to his daughter, and gradually over the years it gets to be long enough for you to pick up in your hands and weave into a cloth that feels like love itself." - John Gregory Brown

* "My father was a statesman; I'm a political woman. My father was a saint. I'm not.- Indira Gandhi

* "You know, fathers just have a way of putting everything together." - Erika Cosby

* "Father, whom I murdered every night but one, That one, when your death murdered me." - Howard Moss

* "Small boys become big men through the influence of big men who care about small boys." - Anonymous

* "To her the name of father was another name for love." - Fanny Fern

* "If the relationship of father to son could really be reduced to biology, the whole earth would blaze with the glory of fathers and sons. " - James Baldwin

You can write these quotes and verses on your father day cards or gifts and express your true feelings to your Dad. Happy Fathers Day !!!

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Google Celebrate 96th Birthday Guitar Hero Les Paul A Musical Genius

Les Paul, the legendary guitar virtuoso and unparalleled musical visionary, passed away on the night of August 12, 2009 in a New York hospital, plunging the world of music into mourning. He was 94 years of age.

Les Paul, who was affectionately called Wizard of Waukesha, is indisputably one of the world’s most accomplished, influential and revered guitarists. But the crowning glory of his glittering achievements in the musical sphere, which has taken him beyond the realm of the ordinary and into the extra-ordinary, has been his innovations in the development of the electric guitar.

Les Paul is credited with the creation of the most iconic solid body guitar ever – the Gibson Les Paul. Even while the magnificence of the music he created has passed into history, the splendor of the electric guitar sound he gifted to guitarists, old and new, has endured through the years and kept his musical legacy alive. Every time a band performs on stage, whether it is Led Zeppelin, Sex Pistols or Green Day, Les Paul comes alive in the sound of their music.
Les Paul Changed The Sound Of Music

Les Paul’s innovations with the techniques of sound recording are no less revolutionary. His groundbreaking inventions in the sphere of recording have changed the way we perceive music today. Some of the techniques he’s pioneered are close miking, overdubbing, multi-tracking and echo delay. These techniques forever changed the way music was recorded and allowed musicians to play around with a variety of sound-effects while making music. His avant-garde inventions have earned him a place in the Inventors’ Hall Of Fame, bringing him on par with inventors of the caliber of Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison and the Wright Brothers.

There is hardly a musical soul in the world today whose life has not been touched by Les Paul’s contributions to modern music, whether they are a guitar player or just a listener. Guitar greats such as Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page, Keith Richards, Eddie Van Halen, Jeff Beck and Slash are just some of the musical luminaries that venerate Les Paul’s immense genius as the driving force behind their success.

Led Zeppelin’s Jimmy Page once wrote of Paul, “He’s the man who started everything. He’s just a genius.” While sharing a stage with Paul, Eddie Van Halen once told him, “Without the things you’ve done, I wouldn’t be able to do half the things I do.” Les Paul is not considered rock royalty for nothing, so complete is his synonymy with the electric guitar, that people sometimes credit him to be its inventor.

Les Paul’s achievements as an inventor and innovator have sometimes overshadowed his indelible prowess as a mesmerizing performer. But the fact remains that his melodious jazz and pop-flavored compositions and his skill as a guitarist are vital elements of his musical genius. He achieved phenomenal success as a solo performer as well as a duo with his wife, singer Mary Ford. His effervescent and energetic musical masterpieces are also noteworthy because of his use of the radical techniques of multi-tracking and overdubbing.

Born as Lester William Polfus on June 9, 1915 in Waukesha, Wisconsin, Les Paul showed an early interest in music as well as technology. He had built his first crystal radio by the tender age of nine. Around the same time, after learning to play the harmonica and the banjo, Les Paul turned his attention to mastering the art of playing guitar. By the time he was thirteen years old, Paul was already a semi-professional honky-tonk guitarist.

A Young Les PaulAt age 17, he dropped out of high school to play in Sunny Joe Wolverton’s Radio Band in St. Louis under the moniker ‘Rhubarb Red’. By 1934, he was in Chicago where he became popular in a dual radio persona, doing a hillbilly act as Rhubarb Red and playing jazz as Les Paul. In 1936, he formed the Les Paul Trio with Jimmy Atkins on vocals and Ernie Newton on bass. The group moved to New York in 1937, where they joined Fred Waring’s NBC radio show as regulars in his Pennsylvanians band.

Around this time in the mid-thirties, even as his musical career was finding its feet, Paul was becoming increasingly dissatisfied with the sound of the first generation of commercially available hollow-body electric guitars. The thin tone, lack of sustaining power and feedback problems of the guitars spurred him on to develop his own prototype of the electric guitar – one which would have a better sustain, clear sound and no feedback. As he told writer Jim O’Donnell,

“What I wanted to do is not have two things vibrating. I wanted the string to vibrate and nothing else. I wanted the guitar to sustain longer than an acoustical box and have different sounds than an acoustical box.”

He figured that to eliminate the sound of the resonance of the wood in the electric guitars in use at the time, they would have to have a solid body as against the traditional hollow body. Persevering in that direction, his efforts bore fruit in 1941, when he built his famous prototype, solid body guitar out of a four foot long piece of pine with strings, an electric pickup and a plug. To make the contraption look like a guitar, he sawed an Epiphone hollow body guitar in half and fixed the two halves onto the wood piece. He nicknamed it ‘The Log’. The Gibson Guitar Company wasn’t very enamored with the model however and dismissed it saying it was nothing more than a “broomstick with pickups”.

In the meantime, Paul’s musical aspirations were moving towards jazz. He left Waring in 1941 and moved to LA where he was recruited to play in the Armed Forces Radio Service alongside such greats as Bing Crosby and the Andrew sisters. As a last minute replacement for Oscar Moore, Paul gave a dazzling performance with superstars like Nat King Cole and Illinois Jacquet in the inaugural “Jazz at the Philharmonic” concert in Los Angeles in 1944. The same year, Paul’s Trio appeared on Bing Crosby’s hit radio show. The two also recorded together several times, including the 1945 number one hit and million-seller, “It’s Been a Long, Long Time.”

It was Bing Crosby who encouraged Paul’s experiments in recording techniques and even sponsored his first recording studio built in Paul’s LA garage in 1945. It was in this studio that Paul developed his futuristic techniques – multi-tracking, echo delay and overdubbing which forever changed the way music was recorded.

In 1947, Paul showcased the magic of multi-tracking in the complex and revolutionary instrumental piece ‘Lover’. The instrumental, released by Capitol Records, featured Paul playing eight different guitar parts simultaneously and was a runaway hit. The world listened in astonishment to the spectacular effects that could be created by using the technique of multi-tracking.
The Near Loss Of A Legend

In 1948, the world nearly lost the musical magician to a devastating car accident in Oklahoma. Les Paul’s right arm and elbow were shattered in the process. Doctors told him that they wouldn’t be able to restore movement in the elbow and it would be best to amputate the arm. But Paul convinced them to permanently set the arm at such an angle as to be able to cradle and pick a guitar! He was thus able to salvage his music career from destruction. Total recovery was still a year and a half away.

Not letting the tragedy bog him down, Paul forged ahead with more innovations in the recording sphere such as sound on sound recording, echo delay and close miking. These effects were all integrated into the 1950 historic tour de force, the No.1 hit ‘How High the Moon’, a duo with wife Mary Ford whom he had met and married in 1949. The song is an aural masterpiece because of its scintillating sonic effects, a fitting culmination to Paul’s tireless efforts towards innovation. A number of hits followed such as ‘Mockin Bird Hill’, ‘The World Is Waiting for the Sunrise’ and ‘Vaya Con Dios’ and their successful collaboration continued till 1961 after which the hits surprisingly dried up. In 1964, the two divorced and went their separate ways. Paul went into semi-retirement as far as making music was concerned.
Achievements And Honors

In 1952, Les Paul introduced his musical marvel – the 8 track tape recorder, and immediately thereafter, his dream guitar in collaboration with Gibson Guitar Company – the gold top, solid body guitar christened the Gibson Les Paul Goldtop. The guitar was an instant hit among musicians of every genre. The popularity and respect it commands remain unmatched and unsurpassed to this day.

Gibson followed up the success of the model with the Les Paul Custom (1954), the Les Paul Junior (1954), the Les Paul Special (1955) and the iconic Les Paul Standard (1958). Paul also patented the floating bridge pickup and the electro-dynamic pickup. Les Paul guitars are the chosen axes of some of the great guitarists of the modern music scene.

Les Paul resurfaced in 1977 to record a Grammy award winning compilation of instrumental duets with his long time friend Chet Atkins, dubbed ‘Chester and Lester’. In 2006, he released the double Grammy winner ‘Les Paul & Friends – American Made World Played’, an eclectic compilation featuring Paul’s illustrious disciples and devotees – a veritable who’s who of the guitar world, such as Eric Clapton, Keith Richards, Jeff Beck, Buddy Guy, Joe Perry etc, playing alongside Paul. Till his death, he continued to play a weekly gig at the Iridium Club in New York.

Les Paul remains the only individual in the history of music to share membership in the Grammy Hall of Fame (1978), Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1988), the National Inventors Hall of Fame (2005), and the National Broadcasters Hall of Fame (2006). In addition to these honors, he has received the Grammy award for lifetime technical achievement in 2001 and was ranked #46 by Rolling Stone magazine in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of all time.

Les Paul’s chequered and multi-dimensional life is a source of constant encouragement to every individual who strives to achieve the highest pinnacles of success in his or her chosen field. His tenacity, perseverance and diligence to realise his dreams against all odds, even while beating the kind of tragedies that would destroy a lesser man, has made him the epitome of inspiration to every human being.

Source by :- les-paul-biography

Celebrate June 5 World Environment Day 2011

World Environment Day (WED) is an annual event that is aimed at being the biggest and most widely celebrated global day for positive environmental action. WED activities take place all year round but climax on 5 June every year, involving everyone from everywhere.

World Environment Day (WED) is a day that stimulates awareness of the environment and enhances political attention and public action. It is on 5 June. It was the day that United Nations Conference on the Human Environment began. The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was from 5–16 June 1972. It was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1972.

The first World Environment Day was on 1973. World Environment Day is hosted every year by a different city with a different theme and is commemorated with an international exposition in the week of 5 June. World Environment Day is in summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in the Southern Hemisphere.

"Stockholm was without doubt the landmark event in the growth of international environmentalism", writes John McCormick in the book Reclaiming Paradise. "It was the first occasion on which the political, social and economic problems of the global environment were discussed at an intergovernmental forum with a view to actually taking corrective action."

World Environment Day is similar to Earth Day.

Recent events on World Environment Day (WED)

Theme 2011 World Environment Day (WED)

Forests-Nature At Your Service-cover one third of the earth’s land mass, performing vital functions and services around the world which make our planet alive with possibilities. In fact, 1.6 billion people depend on forests for their livelihoods. They play a key role in our battle against climate change, releasing oxygen into the atmosphere while storing carbon dioxide. Thousands of activities were organized worldwide, with beach clean-ups, concerts, exhibits, film festivals, community events and much more.

Countdown begins to World Environment Day 2011

Nairobi, 31 May 2011 - Whether through a litter clean-up around Mount Everest, a training programme in forest management Costa Rica or a music festival in Belgium, millions of people across the world will join forces to mark World Environment Day (WED) on 5 June 2011.

This year's WED theme is 'Forests: Nature at Your Service', which highlights the crucial environmental, economic and social roles played by the world's forests.

As WED host nation for 2011, India will be the focus of worldwide celebrations, with major events planned in New Delhi and Bangalore. The World 10K Race on 5 June will see some 25,000 runners pound the pavements of Bangalore in support of WED. Organizers and participants will also inaugurate a 'World 10K Forest', to which more trees will be added at future races.


UNEP will also release the Forests in a Green Economy report in New Delhi on 5 June. In the face of continuing deforestation (currently estimated at 5.2 million hectares worldwide per year), the report outlines how increased public and private investment in forest management and forest resources can boost employment, drastically reduce deforestation and help tackle climate change.

Beyond India, WED celebrations are already taking shape in cities, towns, villages and communities across the world, including:

    * NEPAL: UNEP is supporting a clean-up expedition to remove an estimated 9 tons of litter in and around Mount Everest. Enlisting some 60 climber volunteers, the long-term aim of the initiative is to develop more sustainable waste management facilities and recycling plants in the region
    * CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE: A major international summit on tropical forest basins will be held from 31 May to 6 June. The event will focus on the sustainable management of forest ecosystems in the Amazon, Congo and Mekong Borneo basins
    * BRAZIL: The 'MudaRock Project' - a free music download service - will be launched on 3 June. For every song or video downloaded by users, a tree sapling will be planted in a reforestation area in Brazil. The project aims to plant one million native trees within a year.
    * COSTA RICA: A major success story in reforestation (having increased its forest cover from 22 percent in 1995 to 51 percent by 2010), Costa Rica will host participants from 15 neighbouring countries for a training course on sustainable forest management
    * CANADA: Toronto is the regional host city for World Environment Day celebrations in North America. To date, over 50 WED events have been registered in Canada including environmental workshops for students, a high-level consultation on the Green Economy with 40 environmental leaders and a series of book readings for children.
    * BELGIUM: WED celebrations will kick off on 5 June with an environment fete at Parc Cinquintenaire in Brussels, featuring activities, stands and a music concert. Brussels will also be welcoming UN Youth Ambassador and Disney star Monique Coleman as well as comic book hero Marsupilami and his illustrator Batem.
    * BAHRAIN: UNEP's Regional Office for West Asia will help co-ordinate a beach-cleaning and tree-planting campaign

In the run-up to World Environment Day, UNEP Goodwill Ambassadors Gisele Bündchen and Don Cheadle are going head-to-head in the WED Challenge.

Before WED officially kicks off, individuals, groups, families and schools - even entire communities - can post details of their planned green events online at http://www.wedchallenge.org

When registering a WED activity on the website, you'll be asked to pledge your activity to either Don or Gisele. Full of goodwill, Gisele has pledged to plant a tree for every activity registered in her name. Full of confidence, Don Cheadle has pledged to plant two.

When the votes are counted on 5 June, the result will be a new forest inaugurated by the winner, leaving a lasting green legacy from the global WED community.

Bollywood stars Priyanka Chopra and Rahul Bose are also facing off for World Environment Day in the WED Challenge India. More details are available at http://www.wedchallenge.org/india

Whether it's switching from plastic bags to cloth bags, car-pooling with colleagues or organizing a tree-planting day, WED activities can be big, small, local, international, noisy, quiet...just as long as they're green.

India named Global Host of World Environment Day 2011

Nairobi (Kenya), 22 February 2011 – The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) today announced that India, with one of the fastest growing economies in the world that is embracing the process of a transition to a Green Economy, will be for the first time ever the global host of World Environment Day 2011 (WED) on 5 June.

This year's theme 'Forests: Nature at Your Service' underscores the intrinsic link between quality of life and the health of forests and forest ecosystems. The WED theme also supports this year's UN International Year of Forests.

India is a country of 1.2 billion people who continue to put pressure on forests especially in densely populated areas where people are cultivating on marginal lands and where overgrazing is contributing to desertification.

But the Indian Government has also found solutions. While the socio-economic pressures on the country's forests are tremendous, India has instituted a tree-planting system to combat land-degradation and desertification, including windbreaks and shelterbelts to protect agricultural land.

In conserving its critical ecosystem, India has successfully introduced projects that track the health of the nation's plants, animals, water and other natural resources, including the Sunderbans - the largest deltaic mangrove forest in the world, and home to one of India's most iconic wildlife species: the tiger.

India has also launched a compensation afforestation programme under which any diversion of public forests for non-forestry purposes is compensated through afforestation in degraded or non-forested land. The funds received as compensation are used to improve forest management, protection of forests and of watershed areas. Moreover, a government authority has been created specifically to administer this programme.

Achim Steiner, UN Under-Secretary General and UNEP Executive Director, said: "Over close to the 40-year history of WED, India's cities and communities have been among the most active with a myriad of events undertaken across the country each and every year—so it is only fitting that this rapidly developing economy is the host in 2011."

"India is famous for its culture, arts, movies and world-beating Information Technology industries. Increasingly it is at the forefront of some of the 'green shoots' of a Green Economy that are emerging across the globe," he said.

"From its manufacturing of solar and wind turbines to its Rural Employment Guarantee Act which underwrites paid work for millions of households via investments in areas ranging from water conservation to sustainable land management, foundations are being laid towards a fundamental and far reaching new development path," added Mr. Steiner.

This is underlined by India's introduction of the Clean Energy Fund into its national budget which provides subsidies for green technology and has been the basis for a National Action Plan on Climate Change which sets specific targets on issues such as energy efficiency and sustaining the Himalayan eco-system.

India is currently planning one of the largest green energy projects in the world that will generate 20,000 megawatts of solar energy and 3,000 megawatts from wind farms on 50,000 acres in Karnataka in southwest India. The first phase of the US$50 billion project will start next year.

In its ground-breaking report on the Green Economy launched yesterday, UNEP cites India, where over 80 per cent of the US$8 billion National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, which underwrites at least 100 days of paid work for rural households, invests in water conservation, irrigation and land development. This has generated three billion working days-worth of employment benefiting close to 60 million households.

"India's offer to host WED is another expression of India's strong commitment to work with the global community for sustainable development. This event will serve as the inauguration of a series of events leading up to the hosting of the 11th Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. It will also flag off the celebrations of the international decade for biodiversity. This will in addition signal India's commitment to the biomass economy so dependent on the sustainability of our natural resources," said Dr. T. Chatterjee, Secretary for Environment and Forests of the Government of India.

Two of India's most prominent cities - Mumbai and Delhi - will be the venue for this year's global celebration of the environment, with a myriad of activities over several days to inspire Indians and people around the world to take action for the environment.

The celebrations in India on 5 June are part of thousands of events taking place around the globe. WED 2011 will emphasize how individual actions can have an exponential impact, with a variety of activities ranging from school tree-planting drives to community clean-ups, car-free days, photo competitions on forests, bird-watching trips, city park clean-up initiatives, exhibits, green petitions, nationwide green campaigns and much more.

Previous events World Environment Day (WED)

World Environment Day celebrations have been hosted in the following cities

1974     Only one Earth    
1975     Human Settlements    
1976     Water: Vital Resource for Life    
1977     Ozone Layer Environmental Concern; Lands Loss and Soil Degradation    
1978     Development Without Destruction    
1979     Only One Future for Our Children - Development Without Destruction    
1980     A New Challenge for the New Decade: Development Without Destruction    
1981     Ground Water; Toxic Chemicals in Human Food Chains    
1982     Ten Years After Stockholm (Renewal of Environmental Concerns)    
1983     Managing and Disposing Hazardous Waste: Acid Rain and Energy    
1984     Desertification    
1985     Youth: Population and the Environment    
1986     A Tree for Peace    
1987     Environment and Shelter: More Than A Roof     Nairobi, Kenya
1988     When People Put the Environment First, Development Will Last     Bangkok, Thailand
1989     Global Warming; Global Warning     Brussels, Belgium
1990     Children and the Environment     Mexico City, Mexico
1991     Climate Change. Need for Global Partnership     Stockholm, Sweden
1992     Only One Earth, Care and Share     Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1993     Poverty and the Environment - Breaking the Vicious Circle     Beijing, People's Republic of China
1994     One Earth One Family     London, United Kingdom
1995     We the Peoples: United for the Global Environment     Pretoria, South Africa
1996     Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home     Istanbul, Turkey
1997     For Life on Earth     Seoul, Republic of Korea
1998     For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas     Moscow, Russian Federation
1999     Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It!     Tokyo, Japan
2000     The Environment Millennium - Time to Act     Adelaide, Australia
2001     Connect with the World Wide Web of Life     Torino, Italy and Havana, Cuba
2002     Give Earth a Chance     Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
2003     Water – Two Billion People are Dying for It!     Beirut, Lebanon
2004     Wanted! Seas and Oceans – Dead or Alive?     Barcelona, Spain
2005     Green Cities – Plan for the Planet!     San Francisco, United States
2006     Deserts and Desertification - Don't Desert Drylands!     Algiers, Algeria
2007     Melting Ice – a Hot Topic?     Tromsø, Norway
2008     Kick The Habit - Towards A Low Carbon Economy     Wellington, New Zealand
2009     Your Planet Needs You - UNite to Combat Climate Change     Mexico City, Mexico
2010     Many Species. One Planet. One Future     Kigali, Rwanda
2011     Forests:Nature at your Service     New Delhi, India

For more Detail Visit- unep.org And wikipedia.org